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"Acetaminophen for Fever in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Infection".The New England Journal of Medicine. 2015. 373(23):2215-2224.

Links to original sources: Wiki Journal Post Full Journal Article

Contents

Clinical Question


2Bottom Line 3Major Points 4Guidelines 5Design 6Population 6.1Inclusion Criteria 6.2Exclusion Criteria 6.3Baseline Characteristics 7Interventions 8Outcomes 8.1Primary Outcome 8.2Secondary Outcomes 9Funding 10Further Reading

Clinical Question


In critically ill patients with fever and suspected infection, does acetaminophen affect the number of ICU-free days?

Bottom Line


In critically ill patients with fever and suspected infection, early administration of acetaminophen did not affect the number of ICU-free days compared to placebo.

Major Points


Fever in ICU patients with infections is commonly treated with acetaminophen, although its utility and impacts on patient outcomes are unclear. In a randomized controlled trial, acetaminophen did not increase ICU-free days and had no significant effect on mortality or other secondary outcomes.

Guidelines


Current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations regarding the use of acetaminophen in this context.

Design


- Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial - N=700 - Acetaminophen (n=352) vs. Placebo (n=348) - Setting: 23 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand - Enrollment: February 2013 to July 2014 - Follow-Up: 90 days - Analysis: Intention-to-treat - Primary outcome: number of ICU-free days to day 28 - Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12612000513819

Population


Inclusion Criteria - Age ≥16 years with body temperature ≥38°C - Known or suspected infection with antimicrobial therapy

Exclusion Criteria - Acute brain diseases - Liver dysfunction contraindicating acetaminophen use

Baseline Characteristics - Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. - Most common infection sites were lungs and abdomen.

Interventions


- Intravenous acetaminophen 1g or placebo every 6 hours

Outcomes


Primary Outcome - ICU-free days to day 28: 23 days (acetaminophen) vs. 22 days (placebo); P=0.07

Outcomes


- 28-day mortality: 15.9% (acetaminophen) vs. 16.6% (placebo); P=0.84 - 90-day mortality: Same as 28-day mortality - Hospital length of stay and survival time to day 90: No significant difference

Funding


- Health Research Council of New Zealand - Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Foundation - Waikato Medical Research Foundation

Further Reading


Results initially published on October 5, 2015, at NEJM.org with full author affiliations and disclosure forms.

Supplementary Material Detailed statistical analyses and additional materials included.